Learning to Give, Curriculum Division of The LEAGUE

The LEAGUE

Stepping into the River—In Service to Our Rivers
Lesson 4:
printEmail this Lesson
Lesson
Handouts
Academic Standards
Philanthropy Framework

Purpose:

This lesson explores the roles of government, nonprofits, businesses/farms and households in responding to water quality issues. Students will review why water is a scarce natural resource, human causes of water pollution, and possible agents of change in water quality. Students will then identify what it is that each sector can do to be an agent of change. Finally, students will investigate nonprofit organizations involved in safeguarding waterways and become proactive in efforts to act as stewards.

Duration:

Six Forty-Five Minute Class Periods, Five Fifty-Five Minute Class Periods and Four Block Periods

Objectives:

The learners will:

  • define "scarcity" and demonstrate through his/her acquired knowledge base water as a scarce natural resource.
  • identify ways that water meets a basic need in all sectors.
  • identify causes of water pollution, its effects, and how the four sectors (households, government, nonprofits, business/farms) act as agents of change.
  • relate solutions to water pollution.
  • complete his/her portfolio titled "Healthy Water."
  • design a presentation which summarizes his/her findings.
  • identify a nonprofit public interest group in his/her community or nearby communities involved in environmental improvement.
  • compose a grammatical and structurally correct letter to an individual in government or industry, who can act as an agent for change, seeking support of improving water quality.
  • design and participate in a service learning activity demonstrating effective service, reflection and evaluation.

Service Experience:

Although this lesson contains a service project example, decisions about service plans and implementation should be made by students, as age appropriate.

Students will present their findings to a school audience, requesting student pledges toward change. Learners will write letters to individuals in government, business and industry, and nonprofits to encourage supporting clean ways actions.

Materials:

  • Student copies of:
    Attachment One: Quick Quiz on Water Facts.
    Attachment Four: A Common Natural Resource—Improving Our Water Quality
  • Attachment Three: Problems Facing Our Rivers
  • Computer lab or access to library or media center
  • Appropriate computer software for creating presentations
  • Pledge card
Handout 1
Quick Quiz on Water Facts
Handout 2
ANSWER KEY: Quick Quiz on Water Facts
Handout 3
Problems Facing Our Rivers
Handout 4
A Common Natural Resource—Improving Our Water Quality

Instructional Procedure(s):

Anticipatory Set:
Assign students to teams of two. Hand out Attachment One: "Quick Quiz on Water Facts." Read the introduction to the students. Then, have them use what they already know to guess which statements are true or false in the quiz. Review the answers, using the quiz as a teaching tool about scarcity and opportunity cost.

Day One:

  • On the board, project a picture of the water basin in which you live. Tell students that each team will receive a symbol that represents a problem our rivers face. Students should try to identify the symbol, and then look on the back for its name, as well as a question they must answer about the symbol. Then, hand out a symbol to each student and read the directions on the back. Teacher instructions for the cutouts are found on Attachment Three: Problems Facing Our Rivers. Allow 25 minutes for partner discussion/research, during which teams will need access to "The Muskegon River: Unnatural Wonder" (see Bibliographical References) and the Internet. If you are not in the Muskegon River area, guide learners to research a river watershed closest to them. Ask each team to come forward and place their symbol on the river's edge. Before presenting, remind students that they will be asked to recall one of these presentations in front of the class tomorrow. Student One will explain what the symbol represents and one impact this symbol has on waterways; Student Two will explain a second impact on our waterways. Five minutes before the end of the class session, have the learners reflect in writing or drawing with caption what they learned and what they felt this day. This activity will complete Day One.

Day Two

  • To review, teams are assigned a symbol other than their own to reflect on and report back to the class. Allow the original team to critique their review. Teams who recall well receive appropriately-themed Lifesaver© candies or another such award of your choice. Then, hand out Attachment Four: A Common Natural Resource—Improving Our Water Quality. Discuss the four sectors of society and generate examples of each. Assign each team a category; tell them they have 15 minutes to scan, "The Muskegon River: Unnatural Wonder" (see Bibliographical References) and find any examples of how each sector of society has or might influence waterway quality. When 15 minutes are up, allow five more minutes for students to prepare to explain their findings to the class. Post four charts on which each presenter will write. Instruct students to have one student present while the other writes notes that the class will copy. Allow five minutes of reflection for this session. Add it to Day One reflection.

Days Three and Four

  • Give each student a 5" x 8" paper as they enter class. Tell them to draw one thing that a sector from yesterday (government, business & farms, nonprofits and families) can do to improve waterway quality. Have them then post their picture next to one sector name and explain to begin class. Afterward, hand out "The Muskegon River: Unnatural Wonder" and tell students to turn to pages 18 & 19. Read and discuss any possible actions missed in your initial activity. List those on the appropriate charts.

  • Form peer groups of three to four learners. Explain that each peer group will now be designing a computer-generated presentation, which will convince peers to pledge to do one or more of these positive actions toward improved water quality. They must identify one public interest nonprofit or grassroots organization that works to preserve the environment. Encourage them to emphasize water quality. Explain criteria for the slides. Have students save their presentations to the network.

Day Five

  • Explain criteria for evaluating student presentations. Present the criteria for assessing their presentation. Have teams practice delivering a three-minute presentation of their findings. Then, allow each team to present their findings. Evaluate them and select the best one for class presentation to their peers.

Day Six

  • Select a nonprofit environmental foundation or grassroots organization based on visiting the site: www.guidestar.org . Write a formal letter praising them for their efforts and encourage further actions. Mail them after peer editing.

  • Post letters along with the pledge cards and when responses from the nonprofit groups arrive, post them. This will be a growing and on-going activity.

Additional Scheduled Activity:

Assembly: Schedule a grade level assembly. Have your learners make their presentation. When the presenters complete the last slide explaining the pledge, thank your presenters. Then, explain to the students that they will receive a pledge card. Ask them to fill it out honestly. Collect copies, and then post one copy in the hallway. Send the second home with a challenge to parents to join in their commitment to water quality.

Assessment:

Rubric:

4 points:

Identified specific nonprofit public interest group and its programs for improving environment, is grammatically and structurally sound with 90% accuracy, and content specific to water quality, sedimentation, erosion. Identified public interest group that impacts local community or river/lake. Relates opportunity costs and scarcity. Demonstrates competencies in scientific concepts and processes from Lessons One to Three. The presentation is attractive and creative. Student uses active voice and communication. Asks for pledge support and demonstrates personal commitment and stewardship to improving waterways.

 

3 points:

Identifies a nonprofit public interest group but may not be in the local community or in close proximity. Discusses needs for personal involvement and stewardship need. Learners demonstrate 80% accuracy in English Language Arts skills and competencies: may not relate to science learnings from previous lessons. Presentation is attractive and active voice and communication is used. Demonstrates scientific knowledge of processes from Lessons One to Three.

 

2 points:

While a public interest group is identified, it may not be specific to rivers, waterways, and watershed. The presentation is within 70% demonstrated objectives in English Language Arts. Presentation asks for support of water stewardship and commitment.

 

1 point:

An attempt is made to identify a nonprofit. Presentation is below 50% English Language Arts components. No connection is made to scarcity, opportunity costs or related scientific concepts and processes.

 

0 points: No attempt is made.

School/Home Connection:

Interactive Parent / Student Homework: Students will bring the "River Keeper's Pledge Card" home to inform parents of the commitment students have made.

Extension:

  • Students could also collect information on water usage over the last year in their home and/or in their school. This data could be graphed. Then, students could record usage for the month ahead and set goals for lowering consumption.

  • Students might also be encouraged to research the River Keeper's organization, a grassroots watchdog group who recognizes the need to protect our rivers.

Post Service Reflection: (click to view)

Bibliographical References:

Alexander, Jeff (ed). "The Muskegon River: An Unnatural Wonder." Muskegon Chronicle: 1999, Sept. 15-19.
This series of articles is available through a grant from the Community Foundation for Muskegon County. Contact the Muskegon Area Intermediate School District for information at Muskegon Regional Math/Science Center, 1001 E. Wesley Avenue; Muskegon, Michigan 49442; Phone (231) 767-7318; Fax (231) 773-0505; David Krebs, Math Science Coordinator; email dkrebs@remc4.k12.mi.us

http://www.mrwa.org
Muskegon River Watershed Assembly. Mission: to preserve, protect and enhance the natural, historic and cultural resources of the Muskegon River Watershed through educational and scientific initiatives, while supporting positive economic development, agricultural and quality of life initiatives of organizations working in the river watershed.

http://www.rivernetwork.org River Network Partner List by State. Mission: to help people understand, protect and restore rivers and their watersheds.

Lesson Developed and Piloted by:

David Vermeulen
Albion Public Schools
Albion Open School
Albion, MI 49224

Handouts:

Handout 1Print Handout 1

Quick Quiz on Water Facts

DIRECTIONS: Read the quiz questions and just circle your best guess. We'll go over the answers together as a review of water scarcity.

1.

Over one billion people worldwide lack an adequate and safe water supply.

 

True    False
2.

About two million people die each year from water-related illness.

 

True    False
3.

Americans spend about four million dollars a year buying drinking water.

 

True    False
4.

The number one cause of water pollution is industrial and city dumping.

 

True    False
5.

85% of the world's health problems are due to unsafe drinking water.

 

True    False
6.

There is a scarcity of clean water.

 

True    False
7.

Some causes of water pollution include river dams, recreational uses of water, and leakage from disposal sites.

 

True    False
8.

Every decision I make involving water has an opportunity cost.

 

True    False
9.

The government will have to solve our water problems.

 

True    False
10,

The preamble to the Constitution explains the role of Government in protecting our water.

True    False

Handout 2Print Handout 2

ANSWER KEY: Quick Quiz on Water Facts

1.

Over one billion people worldwide lack an adequate and safe water supply.
(answer: True)

 

True    False
2.

About two million people die each year from water-related illness.
(answer: False…it is more than five million!)

 

True    False
3.

Americans spend about four million dollars a year buying drinking water.
(answer: False…it is four billion dollars a year!)

True    False
4.

The number one cause of water pollution is industrial and city dumping.
(answer: False…water runoff from pavement and farmland is the leading cause of water pollution)

True    False
5.

85% of the world's health problems are due to unsafe drinking water.
(answer: True)

True    False
6.

There is a scarcity of clean water.
(answer: True…we have definitely shown that!)

True    False
7.

Some causes of water pollution include river dams, recreational uses of water, and leakage from disposal sites.
(answer: True…although these contribute much less than runoff and industrial dumping)

True    False
8.

Every decision I make involving water has an opportunity cost.
(answer: True…when I choose to repeatedly use less water for my activities, I save money which I can then use for other purposes, while also preserving my environment)

True    False
9.

The government will have to solve our water problems.
(answer: False…the government can only be a small part of the solution…businesses & farms, households and nonprofit organizations must work together)

True    False
10,

The preamble to the Constitution explains the role of Government in protecting our water.
(answer: True…"to promote the general welfare" means that our government must act to maintain a clean and safe water supply)

True    False

 

Handout 3Print Handout 3

Problems Facing Our Rivers

TEACHER DIRECTIONS: Make a symbol for each item listed below. On the back, write the related question the student teams must research.
  1. RIVER DAM: What are two negative impacts of a dam on river water?
    (Possible answers include increasing water temperature, slowing and/or increasing water speed, inhibiting species movement,…)

  2. CITY: What are two negative impacts of urban sprawl/city dweller behavior on rivers?
    (Possible answers include polluted water runoff from pavement,
    increasing water temperatures, septic water draining into the river,…)

  3. FARM: What are two negative impacts of farmland/farming activity on rivers?
    (Possible answers: pesticide runoff, erosion due to destruction of vegetation, …)

  4. PREAMBLE TO THE CONSTITUTION: What are two phrases in the preamble that might relate to government's role in protecting our waterways?
    (Possible answers: "to form a more perfect union," "to promote the general welfare," and "to secure the blessings of liberty.")

  5. HOUSEHOLD: What are two negative impacts of families on river water quality?
    (Possible answers: oil leaks from cars drain into the river, a family drops trash in the river while canoeing)

  6. INDUSTRY: What are two negative impacts of factories on river water quality?
    (Possible answers: factories use a lot of electricity, burning coal which pollutes the air and rains into the river; factories often drain warmed water into a river, raising its temperature,…)

  7. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY/DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: What is one negative and one positive impact this department has had on our river?
    Hint: see http://www.rivernetwork.org/partners/partnerlist.cfm and select your state.
    (possible answers: the DEQ has not enforced the "pay to pollute" laws of our state; has been involved in implementing some of the regulations in the Clean Water Act; the DNR has regularly patrolled the rivers for polluters)

  8. THE STATE CONSTITUTION: What agencies have been created under the state constitution designed to protect our waters?
    (possible answers: Department of Natural Resources, Department of Environmental Quality,…)

  9. YOUR CITY COUNCIL or Commission: What are two laws the city council enforces (through the city manager) to maintain water quality?
    (possible answers: septic systems are not allowed in city limits; water and sewer fees must be paid monthly to maintain the system)

  10. LUMBERING: What were two negative effects of lumbering on our waterways?
    (possible answers: erosion; sedimentation,…)

  11. FISHING FROM A BOAT: What are two negative effects of fishing our rivers?
    (possible answers: engine runoff; over fishing of species, lead weights, tangled fishing line,…)

  12. COAL-BURNING POWER PLANT: What are two negative effects of power plants on our rivers?
    (possible answers: acid rain drains into the river, heated water is poured into the river,…)

Handout 4Print Handout 4

A Common Natural Resource—Improving Our Water Quality

Student Directions: For each sector of our society below, list five things you can do to improve our water quality. You will fill in one sector with your team and present your information to the class. Copy the other sector information as others present.

 

HOUSEHOLDS

 

 

 

BUSINESSES/FARMS

 

 

 

GOVERNMENT
(Federal, State, and Local)

 

 

 

NONPROFITS

 

 

 

Philanthropy Framework:

Submit a Comment

Unit Contents:

Overview:Are You a River Keeper? Summary

Lessons:

1.
Healthy Water!?...
2.
Speedy Water and Sediments
3.
LITWIS, What Is It?
4.
Stepping into the River—In Service to Our Rivers

All rights reserved. Permission is granted to freely use this information for nonprofit (noncommercial), educational purposes only. Copyright must be acknowledged on all copies.

Copyright © LearningToGive.org