Learners and teachers will carry out an act of philanthropy by cleaning up a local park. Specific directions are listed under Instructional Procedures.

Anticipatory Set:

• Listen to the song "Dare You to Move" by Switchfoot and/or distribute "Dare You to Move" Song Lyrics . Have learners write how the song relates to the quote and explain what it means to them. Share the ideas.
• Connect to the previous day’s lesson by asking the learners what it means for a person to be responsible. Share the ideas and write them on the chalkboard. Reinforce the notion of responsibility.
• Lead a discussion on the idea of volunteering and the importance of volunteering in our society. Have paired learners describe the characteristics of someone who helps out in the community. Share the ideas.
• Introduce Pay It Forward to the class. Remind the learners: "I’m daring you to move outside of your normal routine to make a difference in our world." Ask learners if they are familiar with the book or the movie. Explain that the teacher in the novel begins every school year challenging his learners to make a difference in our world, and one learner does something rather extraordinary.

• Read the following pages from Pay it Forward aloud to the class: 29-34 and 46-52.
• Teacher Note: Because of certain language in the book, I would strongly encourage you to read the assigned pages first to be certain you will be able to use the book in your class. I block off certain passages and skipped those parts that I feel are not appropriate for middle-level learners.
• Reinforce the concept of pay it forward¾the idea that one person gives a "big help" to three other people, expecting nothing in return. Then those three do three helpful things for three other people until everyone gets helped. (Drawing a diagram on the chalkboard will be a helpful visual aid. See the front cover of the book.)
• Have learners write down the names of three people they might be willing to help and describe what they would be willing to do to help them. Ask them what would be the benefits and challenges of doing this. Have learners share their ideas.
• Begin to transition into a "make a difference" project. Remind the learners that the main character (Trevor) is a twelve-year old boy who intends to change the world and that they are approximately the same age as Trevor. He serves as an example of how a young person can do his or her part and be responsible. Brainstorm ideas for projects the class can do to make a difference.

• Shorten the list of possible ideas through discussion. Have learners vote for the project that is most feasible, leading them to cleaning up a park.
• Teacher Note: While the lesson centers around cleaning up a park, learner voice is valuable, and if the learners come up with a different idea, feel free to modify the lesson to meet the needs for your class.
• In groups of three or four, have learners develop a list of responsibilities associated with cleaning up a park. Create a list, making sure the most important responsibilities are included. See Responsibilities of Learners to Prepare for Cleaning the Park (Attachment One) for a sample list.
• Prior to the park experience, break learners into as many groups as tasks which need to be completed. Learners will then make phone calls, write letters, etc. during class time.
• Teacher Note: If you don’t feel there are enough tasks for an entire class to complete, you may ask several learners to stay after school on Day Three to complete the needed tasks.

• Recap the key points of pay it forward since it has been a few days since the discussion of the topic. Pair up the learners. Have Partner A briefly write down what pay it forward means and have Partner B create the diagram. Walk around the room to see responses and briefly share the responses with the class.
• Transition into the Power of One video. Remind learners of the power that one individual has to make a difference in our world using Trevor as an example. Show the twelve-minute video to the class. Discuss the images they see. Ask the class what these people did to change their world.

• Connect back to the previous day by asking the class if they thought the great people in the video had any obstacles to overcome in their efforts. Have learners share responses.
• Transition back to Pay It Forward. Explain that today’s reading will involve Trevor sharing his idea with others. Read pages 61-65 and 119–123 with the class.
• Distribute "Reacting to Trevor’s Idea" Essay (Attachment Two) and go over the directions. Allow learners time to work on the essay in class. Be sure to follow the steps of the writing process.
• Connect back to the Power of One video and Pay It Forward. Discuss how both the adults and young adults responded to his "utopian" plan. In small groups have learners address two or three of the following issues per group:

• Since the young people seemed to be so negative in their response, what does that say about many teenagers’ outlooks on life?
• Why were many of the adults like Jerry and Mr. St. Clair more open to his idea?
• Based on people’s reaction (including your own group), what can we say about society’s view about people trying to make a difference in our world?
• Does this influence people’s choice to make a difference? Why or why not?
• Be sure all of the issues are covered and have a reporter in each group share their findings with the class.
• Provide time to work on the essay in class (Attachment Two: "Reacting to Trevor’s Idea" Essay).
• Distribute and assign Pre-Event Reflection Handout (Attachment Three)to be completed before the park cleanup.
• Teacher Note: Since the rubric for the pre- and post-event reflections are pretty general, spend time having learners highlight or underline the key parts of each question which they are addressing. This will help learners become aware of what they are expected to include in their reflection.

• Have learners select one sample from their trash collection to use later in their visual arts project. Put it in a Ziploc bag and write their name on it. Collect Ziploc bags and put them into a clean garbage bag to be delivered to the art teacher upon return.
• Return to school and collect trash bags and gloves.
• Share your reflections/observations of the experience with the learners.

• Distribute and have the learners complete the Post-Event Reflection Handout questions (Attachment Four).
• Ask learners to share one observation they made during the experience.
• Collect Pre and Post Reflection Handouts and use Pre and Post Event Reflection Evaluation (Attachment Five) as a rubric to assess learning during the activity and reflection.
• Have learners read over the rough drafts of their "Reacting to Trevor’s Idea" Essay (Attachment Two) and make any last minute corrections.

• Divide learners into peer review pairs. Distribute Peer Evaluation for Essay (Attachment Six) and go over the information with the learners. Allow the teams to review the essays. When the teams are finished, have learners share an interesting observation from each essay with the class.
• Discuss how it felt to be a responsible citizen by doing something for the common good of our community. In what ways was this act of cleaning a park an act of philanthropy?

• Transition back to Pay It Forward. Explain that our project was a success, we definitely impacted our world, and now we are going to read about what happens when Trevor realizes pay it forward was a success. Read pages 252-265 and 273-275.
• Discuss the positive results of Trevor’s project. Have learners share the rewards Trevor received for his idea. Discuss how Trevor reacted to his new fame. Ask them how his reaction is consistent with his attitude.
• Have learners predict what will happen to Trevor next. Remind them that Trevor said this was the best day of his life. Ask them to predict what Trevor will do next in his life. Read Pay It Forward pages 282-305.

• Have learners write a few sentences about the ending of the book. They should reflect on Trevor’s death and the impact it had on the world. Have them address the issue of why people agreed to pay it forward.
• Homework Assignment: Have the learners complete the Self Evaluation for Essay (Attachment Seven)for "Reacting to Trevor’s Idea" due Day Thirteen.
• Recap key points of Day Twelve’s reading. Remind learners of Trevor’s last selfless act. Introduce the concept of legacy (leaving your mark). Let the learners describe Trevor’s legacy and how he will be remembered.

• Explain to learners that they leave a legacy at our school. Ask them how they would like to be remembered.
• Listen to "Legacy" song or use "Legacy" Song Lyrics. Have learners respond to the song by writing down the legacy the singer wants to leave behind and then what legacy the learners want to leave behind. Have learners share their ideas.
• Connect legacy to the focus question: Can a young person truly make a difference in our world? Explain that we can all leave a legacy by doing great things.
• Collect the completed essays and evaluate them using Final Evaluation for "Reacting To Trevor’s Idea" Essay (Attachment Eight).

• Hyde, Catherine Ryan. Pay it Forward. NY: Pocket Books, 2000.
  ISBN 0743412028.
  Plot Summary:
  Young Trevor McKinney, troubled by his mother’s alcoholism and fears of his abusive but absent father, is caught up by an intriguing assignment from his new social studies teacher, Mr. Simonet. The assignment: think of something to change the world and put it into action. Trevor conjures the notion of paying a favor not back, but forward--repaying good deeds not with payback, but with new good deeds done to three new people. Trevor’s efforts to make good on his idea bring a revolution not only in the lives of himself, his mother and his physically and emotionally scarred teacher, but in those of an ever-widening circle of people completely unknown to him.
   
• Nordeman, Nicole. "Legacy." Woven and Spun, (2002). Audio CD.
  ASIN B00006JJ34, song lyrics found at http://www.christianlyricsonline.com/artists/nichole-nordeman/legacy.html
  
   
• Power of One. John G. Avildsen, Director. Warner Studios. ASIN: 0790740850  Plot Summary:
  The Power of One is an intriguing story of a young English boy named P.K. and his passion for changing the world. Growing up he suffered as the only English boy in an Afrikaans school. Soon orphaned, he was placed in the care of a German national named Professor von Vollensteen (a.k.a. "Doc"), a friend of his grandfather. Doc develops P.K.’s piano talent and P.K. becomes "assistant gardener" in Doc’s cactus garden. It is not long after WWII begins that Doc is placed in prison for failure to register with the English government as a foreigner. P.K. makes frequent visits and meets Geel Piet, an inmate, who teaches him to box. Geel Piet spreads the myth of the Rainmaker, the one who brings peace to all of the tribes. P.K. is cast in the light of this myth. After the war P.K. attends an English private school where he continues to box. He meets a young girl, Maria, with whom he falls in love. Her father, Professor Daniel Marais, is a leader of the Nationalist Party of South Africa. The two fight to teach the natives English as P.K’s popularity grows via the myth. Maria is killed. P.K. loses focus until he sees the success of his language school among the tribes. He and Guideon Duma continue the work in hopes of building a better future for Africa.  
• Switchfoot. "Dare You to Move." The Beautiful Letdown. (2003). Audio CD
  ASIN: B0000891YW, lyrics available from available from http://www.letssingit.com/?http://www.letssingit.com/switchfoot-dare-you-to-move-6m8p776.html